History And Impact Of Drug Treatment Courts - 1471 Words

The History and Impact of Drug Treatment Courts Tincen Vithayathil University of Baltimore The History and Impact of Drug Courts Between 1990 and 1999, individuals who were convicted of a drug crime rose past 100,000, which accounted for 20 percent of our nation’s increased prison population (Lurigio, 2008). Between 1995 and 2003, the number of drug-related offenders constituted the largest increase of criminals in our nation’s prison population (Lurigio, 2008). In 2004, approximately 50 percent of state prisoners were known to be substance abusers or have drug dependency (King Pasquarella, 2009). During these years, drug offenders were crowding dockets, prisons, and nearly the entire criminal justice system (Lurigio, 2008). Due to the expensive cost of handling such cases and the difficulty of changing the habits of drug abusers, community based programs were introduced to slow the drastic increase of drug-related incarcerations (Lurigio, 2008). According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy, Americans owed nearly 32 billion dollars toward criminal justice expenses, 31 billion dollars toward lost productivity, and three billion towards property damage in 1998 (King Pasquarella, 2009). These chain of events built the foundation for Drug Treatment Courts (DTC) here in the United States. The origin of the first-ever drug court was located in the 11th Judicial Circuit in Miami-Dade County, Florida in 1989 (King Pasquarella, 2009). DTC programs maintainShow MoreRelatedQuasi-Experimental Group Design To Compare Recidivism Rates Of Opioid Offenders?892 Words   |  4 Pagesoffenders in drug courts compared to offenders on probation. Since, random assignment to control and experimental groups are not feasible, the two groups will be matched on various demographic characteristics as well as the current choice of drug. The data will be collected on all participants that have entered the Brooklyn Treatment Court, NY (BTC) in the second judicial district, and a comparison group of offenders on traditional probation. Sample The BTC offers substance abuse treatment for nonviolentRead MoreThe Social Science Perspectives Of Sociologists And Social Marketers1429 Words   |  6 Pagescriminologists and social marketers share both connections and disparities when it comes to the use of drugs and alcohol. This report emphasises the different disciplinary approaches used by both these social science perspectives when it comes to alcohol and drugs. A criminologists perspective explores the use of drug courts to divert illicit drug users from prison into treatment programs for their drug addictions along with the revaluation of the 25a crimes act ‘Assault causing death’ due to the 2012Read MoreProbation And Parole1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of probation and parole influences the decisions that are made in the Adult Court System toward the supervision of adult offenders by considering community corrections and involve supervision in the community. In the criminal justice system, there are many individuals locked up in local, state, and federal institutions. John Augustus probation bears much resemblance to probation as it is practiced today. He took great care in deciding which prisoners were promising candidates for probationRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Has Served As A Focal Point Of Much Of Societal Racism993 Words   |  4 Pagesthe criminal leasing system, extra-judicial lynchings, and police brutality have shaped the history of African Americans and the criminal justice system. Over the last thirty years, there has been significant change has occurred in some aspects of the system. In many jurisdictions minorities have moved into positions of leadership within law enforcement, the courts, and corrections systems. Supreme Court decisions have placed restrictions on such practices as prosecutorial bias in jury selectionRead MoreCriminal Behavior And The Justice System Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesspecialty courts that are designed to better address t hese particular causes of criminal behavior. The goal of these courts is to better address the individual’s reason that they engaged in criminal behavior in hopes that with the additional support, in the future the individual will become a productive member of society. What are specialty Courts? Specialty courts are becoming more and more popular throughout the country. Specialty courts are also commonly referred to as problem-solving courts. TheseRead MoreMass Incarceration And Its Effects On Families, Communities, And Society1400 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, the United States has paved the way to create a cycle of endless incarceration for many people but especially for those of color. Such as the 1994 Violent Crime Control Act and the lack of substance abuse treatment in prisons. Overwhelmingly, mass incarceration has had a great impact on families, communities and society as a whole. As illuminated through the parable by inmate Joe Martinez, this continued cycling of inmates in and out of prison is devastating to the growth society. At theRead MoreSubstance Abuse Within Correctional Setting978 Words   |  4 Pagescriminal offenders who were evaluated to determine their personalities to which they have a long history with. Approximately well over a century ago, Mà ¼nsterberg, 1908, Vaccaro Hogan, 2004 who are all psychologists has managed a improved study on criminal offenders that will allow us all to have an ambiguous understanding of how the process of his research in reference to the criminal offenders testimony in court cases. In the 20th century the personality assessment was established, which was generallyRead MorePublic Health Issues Are Concerns On How To Protect The1749 Words   |  7 Pages Public health issues are concerns on how to protect the health of the people in society. Public health communities focus more attention on the victim who has health issues related to drug addictions, alcohol, and mental and physical problems. Public health issues are more concerned with the health consequenc es related to these addictions, abuse, and problems. Public health issues are focused on the type of care that is necessary to restore the victim to their healthy condition. Public health alsoRead MoreWomen are being incarcerated in today’s prisons at an alarming rate. Unfortunately, disparities in1600 Words   |  7 Pagesprisons at an alarming rate. Unfortunately, disparities in policies, women’s programs, and treatment options in the criminal justice system are virtually non-existent which are causing major problems with overcrowding, health issues, and drug abuse problems. It is no secret that the number one reason women are being incarcerated is due to a large rate in drug charge policies. The war on drugs has had a major impact on the lives of women in the criminal justice system. This policy has punished women disproportionatelyRead MoreTo What Extent Does Criminal Law Reflect the Moral and Ethical Standards of Society?1682 Words   |  7 Pagesoccurred, bringing an issue which had remained dormant for decades to the public’s attention: gun control laws. None of the massacres preceding Port Arthur had sufficient impact to shock the public, and therefore government into true, effective reform. However the Port Arthur Massacre remains Australia’s deadliest mass killing in history, and was unprecedented in the modern developed world; not even the United States has experienced a massacre of such magnitude. Accordingly it triggered widespread public

Lee Harvey Oswald free essay sample

1. Lee Harvey Oswald did not by any means have a childhood that would be considered of the norm. He did not grow up in a home surrounded by loved ones who were always home. He did not have an abundance of friends to play with after school, but instead would sit in his house alone waiting for his mother to get home. Growing up Oswald did not have a steady father figure, did not have a steady school, and was sent to a Youth house at the age of fourteen. Putting all these factors together, one can see how Oswald had a rough childhood. Oswald was born to Robert Edward Lee Oswald, Sr. and Marguerite Frances Claverie. Oswald’s father had died before he was even born, just two months shy of Lee’s birth Robert Sr. had suffered a fatal heart attack. In January of 1944, Oswald’s mother decided to remarry to Edwin A. We will write a custom essay sample on Lee Harvey Oswald or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ekdahl. Oswald even described Ekdahl as the â€Å"father he never had†. Oswald’s brother, John, said that Ekdahl had treated the boys as if they were his own children. Unfortunately Oswald’s mother had expected Ekdahl of infidelity and left him in the summer of 1946. According to a study conducted by University of Melbourne shows that boys are more likely to live a life of delinquency whereas girls seem to be more unaffected by the absence of a father figure. Oswald’s mother was the only supporter of the family and would often have to make sure she had a job to support her family. This put a strain on Oswald’s adjustment to a school considering he had enrolled in six different schools by the time he was ten. This made it difficult for Oswald to establish and maintain friendships with peers within schools. The absence of friends makes it hard for a child to develop social skills as well as emotional growth, and moral development. Due to Oswald’s lack of showing up to school that court hearings took place and eventually sent him to Youth House for psychiatric evaluation. He was put in a facility with other young boys who had murdered, Oswald asked his mother to take him out of the facility. Most people are not put into a psychiatric evaluation facility at a young age, especially with others who have committed murder. This can have a strain on a young maturing mind, being set aside from society, away from family and not being able to do whatever they wanted. 2. For the most part of his child hood the only parental figure Oswald had in his life was his mother. Since she was a single mother she was the only source of income and would often work before Oswald had woke for school and would not return from work until later on after Oswald had been home from school for hours. Oswald’s mother had trained him to be able to get himself to and from school by himself and when he got home from school he would just sit at his house by himself until his mother arrived home from work. Now besides the fact that his mother was missing a lot due to her long work hours since she was the only one supporting the family the relationship she had with her children wasn’t that of a great one. Robert Oswald was quoted saying â€Å"The idea even crossed (my) mind that (my) mother might want to put (me) and John up for adoption; anything to be rid of the burden.† His mother never truly gave him the attention of a loving mother, she was negligent and this didn’t help him develop his social skills which would carry over into his adult hood. Without the presence a father figure and a presence of a distant mother figure can put a strain on a child’s psyche which will scar them for life. The neglect of a mother on a child can have pretty serious consequences. It can affect health, emotional, physical, psychological and social development of a child. Oswald already ascertaining the effects of an absence father, and then to have a neglectful mother on top of it really did some damage to his psyche. She was absent for most of the day when Oswald was home after school, or even when he didn’t go to school, and was unable to give Oswald the attention he needed to grow up as a normal child.